Optimization of Submerged Fermentation Medium for Matrine Production by Aspergillus terreus, an Endophytic Fungus Harboring Seeds of Sophora flavescens, Using Response Surface Methodology

Different endophytes isolated from the seeds of Sophora flavescens were tested for their ability to produce matrine production. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the medium components for the endophytic fungus. Results indicated that endophyte Aspergillus terreus had the ability to produce matrine. The single factor tests demonstrated that potato starch was the best carbon source and the combination of peptone and NH₄NO₃ was the optimal nitrogen source for A. terreus. The model of RSM predicted to gain the maximal matrine production at 20.67 µg/L, when the potato starch was 160.68 g/L, peptone was 24.96 g/L and NH₄NO₃ was 2.11 g/L. When cultured in the optimal medium, the matrine yield was an average of 20.63 ± 0.11 µg/L, which was consistent with the model prediction. This study offered an alternative source for the matrine production by endophytic fungus fermentation and may have far-reaching prospect and value.

Construction of Employment Guidance Pattern for Graduate Students Majoring in Chinese Pharmacy / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the further implementation of employment guidance for graduate students ma-joring in Chinese pharmacy. METHODS:According to literature analysis,questionnaires,field visits and other ways,the current status and problems of employment guidance for graduate students majoring in Chinese pharmacy were investigted and the employ ment guidance pattern for graduate students majoring in Chinese pharmacy was explored and constructed. RESULTS:Theone body and three wingsemployment guidance pattern centered by taxonomy guiding and establishment of employment guidance institu-tions,graduate tutor selection evaluation mechanism and employment services platform were established. CONCLUSIONS:The em-ployment guidance pattern for graduate students majoring Chinese pharmacy established by the institute has great significance for im-plementing the work.

"Practice of ""Green Pharmacy"" concept in the pharmacy experimental teaching" / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Experiment of pharmacy will inevitably cause a waste of resources and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to explore some green teaching method in the experiment of pharma-ceutics. Based on the long-term teaching experience, this paper took the preparation of yiyuan powder, the cold fever granules and tables, and subing dropping as examples to compare the differences between the traditional teaching method and the green teaching method in the aspects of improving the basic operating skills, saving materials and reagents and using the micro experiments. The results showed that compared with the conventional teaching, green teaching method in pharmaceutics experiment process can significantly reduce the reagent and the amount of raw materials, so as to enables students to cultivate green, energy saving, environmental awareness while mastering the pharmaceutical theory and technology.

The pharmaceutical teaching method based on the four steps / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To explore the differences of teaching effectiveness between the traditional experimental teaching method and the new one which is based on four steps of principle,design,correction and experiment.Method Stratified sampling method was used,and 120 students were divided into control group and experimental group.Taking the case of the preparation of powder,the two methods mentioned above were used respectively.The advantage of the new teaching method was that teachers only explained the experimental principle rather than the detailed process,and students designed the process and quality control standard by reviewing literatures.Through interactive evaluation between teachers and students,teaching effectiveness of the two methods was evaluated,and Excel and SPSS were applied for statistical analysis.Result There were no significant differences between the two groups in the aspects of experiment preparation,basic skills of experiment and understanding of knowledge (P＞0.05),but in the aspects of experiment initiative,degree of cooperation and the enthusiasm of asking questions there existed significant differences (the values of P were 0.000、0.012、0.000,respectively,P＜0.05).More than 95％ of students thought the new teaching method not only could more effectively improve the ability to analyze and solve problem but also develop the capacity for self-learning and innovation.In addition,it could improve the ability to collect information and psychological quality,and cultivate scientific and rigorous attitude.Conclusion Compared to the traditional experimental teaching method,the new one based on four steps of principle,design,correction and experiment emphasized the subjective initiative,and teachers played a directive role.This method provided the space for students to think,explore,discover,and create.In addition,it could strengthen student's practical ability and the ability to design preparation process independently.

Comparison of ingredients between two water extractions of danggui kushen pills with or without solid-state fermentation / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of the solid-state fermentation technology in extracting the ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Using Danggui Kushen pills as an example, four index ingredients of ferulic acid, matrine, matrine alkaloids and dry extract were compared comprehensively, and the difference between the two water extractions of fermented pills and unfermented pills was evalued.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The comprehensive evaluated result was that extraction of fermented pills was better than that unfermented.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The solid-state fermentation is conducive to the extraction of prescription of Danggui Kushen pills.</p>